Nestled amidst the grandeur of mountains and blankets of snow, Himachal Pradesh holds a secret that has transformed its landscape and the destiny of its people – the apple orchards. While today it stands as the second-largest apple producer after Jammu and Kashmir, the journey to this agrarian success was anything but ordinary. Rewind the clock to an era when apples were scarce in Himachal, and the fruit found in the region was mostly the wild, sour varieties, hardly fit for consumption. It was the advent of British and other foreign influences during India’s colonial period that marked the beginning of a profound change. With Himachal under British rule, Europeans started settling in different parts of the state, introducing various crops, including apples, to the fertile lands.

Kullu, known for its breathtaking landscapes, became the pioneer in apple plantation. In the 1870s, Captain R.C. Lee, making Kullu his home, planted the first European apple trees in Bandrole, alongside other fruit varieties he procured from his father’s estate in England. Mister Theodor followed suit, planting apple trees at Dobhi, and soon, many Britishers established their orchards. Locals like Padha Bansi Lal Vatsyayen and Basant Mal Salhuria joined in, marking the inception of apple cultivation by the residents. Shimla wasn’t far behind. Alexander Couts planted an orchard near Mashobra in the 1870s, setting the stage for further apple cultivation. Christian missionaries in Kotgarh ran ‘Mission Orchard’ and a local named Gudrumal, the tehsildar of Kotgarh, owned a small orchard in 1881.

However, it wasn’t until Samuel Stokes, an American missionary, entered the scene that apple cultivation gained momentum. Settling in Kotgarh, Stokes brought several apple saplings from America,
experimenting with various strains until he settled on the Red and Golden Delicious varieties. His efforts culminated in the first apple sales from his orchard in 1926. Facing vehement opposition from locals due to the long gestation
period of apples, Stokes persisted, distributing free samples and ultimately transforming the region into one of the highest apple-producing areas. By 1926, his orchard sold the first apples, initiating an economic boom that turned some villages into the richest in Asia. Today, apple cultivation is a cornerstone of Himachal Pradesh’s economy, with around ₹4,000 crores worth of apples sold annually. While various individuals introduced apples to the state over the decades, it was Samuel Stokes, or Satyanand Stokes, who left an indelible mark. His successful apple varieties didn’t just introduce a fruit; they changed the fate of Shimla and Himachal Pradesh, becoming a source of prosperity for countless lives. So, the next time you bite into a delicious Himachali apple, remember the incredible journey that brought this fruity miracle to the hills.